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Short Description:

A thick plate of crude copper (99% copper) was prepared as the anode, a thin sheet of pure copper was prepared as the cathode, and a mixture of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate was used as the electrolyte. After the power is switched on, the copper is dissolved into copper ions (Cu) from the anode to the cathode, where electrons are obtained and pure copper (also known as electrolytic copper) is precipitated at the cathode. Impurities in crude copper, such as iron and zinc, which are more active than copper, dissolve into ions (Zn and Fe) with copper. Since these ions are not easy to precipitate compared with copper ions, the precipitation of these ions on the cathode can be avoided as long as the potential difference is properly adjusted during electrolysis. Impurities less active than copper, such as gold and silver, are deposited at the bottom of the cell. The resulting copper plate, called “electrolytic copper”, is of very high quality and can be used to make electrical products.